Class-7 Profit and Loss
Introduction to Profit and Loss
Introduction to Profit and Loss
In our daily life, consumer buy various articles from the shopkeepers. These articles are either directly bought from manufacturers or through wholesalers. Shopkeepers sell these articles higher than the rate at which they bought them to earn money.
Cost Price
The money paid by the shopkeeper to buy the goods from manufacturer or wholesaler is known as Cost Price (C.P).
Selling Price
The price at which a shopkeeper sells the goods/products is known as Selling Price (S.P).
Profit
If the selling price (S.P) of a goods is greater than the cost price (C.P), then the shopkeeper makes profit / gain.
Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price
Let's see some examples.
Example 1. Cost price of a dress is Rs. 500 and selling price of it is Rs. 650. Find the amount of profit made by the shopkeeper.
Solution. Cost Price = Rs. 500
Selling Price = Rs. 650
Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price
= 650 − 500
= Rs. 150
Hence, the profit made by the shopkeeper is equal to Rs. 150
Example 2. Selling price of an article is Rs. 2460 and profit made by the shopkeeper is Rs. 120.50. Find the cost price of the article.
Solution. Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price
=> Cost Price = Selling Price − Profit
Cost Price = Rs. 2460 − Rs. 120.50
= Rs. 2339.50
Hence, cost price of the article is Rs. 2339.50.
Example 3. Cost price of an article is Rs. 98. If the shopkeeper sells the article with a profit of Rs. 27, then what is the selling price?
Solution. Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price
=> Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit
= Rs. 98 + Rs. 27
= Rs. 125
Hence, selling price of the article is Rs. 125.
Loss
If the selling price (S.P) of a goods is less than the cost price (C.P), then the shopkeeper makes a loss.
Loss = Cost Price − Selling Price
Let's see some examples.
Example 1. If cost price of an article is 725 and selling price of it is Rs. 715, then find the loss incurred by the shopkeeper.
Solution. Loss = Cost Price − Selling Price
= Rs. 725 − Rs. 715
= Rs. 10
Hence, loss incurred by the shopkeeper is Rs. 10.
Example 2. One man bought a cycle for Rs. 3780. He used it for 1 year, then sold it at a loss of Rs. 750. Find the selling price of the cycle.
Solution. Cost price of the cycle = Rs. 3780
Loss incurred by the man = Rs. 750
Selling Price = Cost Price − Loss
= Rs. 3780 − Rs. 750
= Rs. 3030
Hence, selling price of the cycle is Rs. 3030.
Example 3. An article was sold for Rs. 400 at a loss of Rs. 72. Find the cost price of the article.
Solution. Loss = Cost Price − Selling Price
=> Cost Price = Selling Price + Loss
= Rs. 400 + Rs. 72
= Rs. 472
Hence, cost price of the article is Rs. 472.
Profit Percent
The profit percentage is the profit that would be obtained for a cost price of Rs. 100.
Profit percent = Profit⁄Cost Price × 100
Let's see some examples.
Example 1. If cost price of an article is Rs. 500 and selling price is Rs. 575, then find the profit percentage.
Solution. Cost Price = Rs. 500
Selling Price = Rs. 575
Profit = Rs. 575 − Rs. 500
= Rs. 75
Profit Percentage = Profit⁄Cost Price × 100
= 75⁄500 × 100 = 15%
Hence, the profit percentage is 15%
Example 2. Maria bought apples at Rs. 120 per kg. If she had to sell them at a profit of 20%, then find the selling price.
Solution. Cost price of apple per kg = Rs. 120
Profit Percentage = Profit⁄Cost Price × 100
=> 20 = Profit⁄120 × 100
=> Profit = (20×120)⁄100
=> Profit = Rs. 24
Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit
= Rs. 120 + Rs. 24
= Rs. 144
Hence, the selling price is equal to Rs. 144.
Example 3. A shopkeeper sells his product at a profit of 12%. If his selling price is Rs. 95984, then find the cost price.
Solution. Let's assume cost price to be 'p'.
Profit = 12% of p = 12p⁄100
p = 95984 − 12p⁄100
=> p + 12p⁄100 = 95984
=> (100p + 12p)⁄100 = 95984
=> 112p = 95984 × 100
=> p = (95984 × 100)⁄112
=> p = 85700
Hence, cost price of the product is Rs. 85700
Loss Percent
The loss percentage is the loss that would be obtained for a cost price of Rs. 100.
Loss percent = Loss⁄Cost Price × 100
Let's see some examples.
Example 1. A chair was bought for Rs. 800 and sold for Rs. 736. Find the loss and loss percentage.
Solution. Cost price of the chair = Rs. 800
Selling price of the chair = Rs. 736
Here selling price is less than cost price, so shopkeeper incurred a loss.
Loss = Cost Price − Selling Price
= Rs. 800 − Rs. 736
= Rs. 64
Loss Percentage = 64⁄800 × 100 = 8%
Hence, loss is equal to Rs. 64 and percentage of loss is equal to 8%.
Example 2. Find the selling price of a wall clock whose cost price is Rs. 650 and loss percentage is 6%.
Solution. Cost price of wall clock = Rs. 650
Let's assume loss = L
Loss percent = Loss⁄Cost Price × 100
=> 6 = L⁄650 × 100
=> L = (650×6)⁄100
=> L = Rs. 39
Selling Price = Cost Price − Loss
= Rs. 650 − Rs. 39
= Rs. 611
Hence, selling price of the wall clock is Rs. 611.
Example 3. By selling a motorbike for Rs. 92,340, Mr. Mishra losses 10%. For how much should he sell it to gain 12%.
Solution. Selling Price = Rs. 92,340
Loss = 10%
CP = {100⁄(100−Loss%) × SP}
= 100⁄(100−10) × 92340
= 100⁄90 × 92340
= Rs. 102600
In order to make 12% profit selling price would be
= CP + (12% of CP)
= 102600 + 102600 × 12⁄100
= Rs. 114912
Hence, the selling price of the motorbike should be Rs. 114912.
Formulae to Remember
Profit And Loss Worksheet
Answer Sheet
Profit-And-Loss-AnswerDownload the pdf
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